Tabulating machine



Jan. 5, 1937.` w. w. L AsKER I TBULATING MACHINE Filed June 1e, 1931 9 sheets-sheet 1 Jan. 5, 1937. A W, W LASKER 2,066,406

TABULATING MACHINE Filed June 16, 1931 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY -Filed June 16, 1931 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR @KM BYQMMM ATTORNEY Jan.v 5, 1937. w. w. LAsKEn 2,066,405

TABULATING MACHINE l Filed June 16, 1931 9 Sheets-Sheetvft BY @wir ATTORNEY Jan. 5, 1937. w. w.v LAsKER TABULAIING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 16, 1931 O L O M O R C O N. O B O O m 3 W c? OO O O O O W 2 O O 2 D OO O O 0 O k2 O3 3 O O 3 3 3 2 2 5 C 0 O 0 O sa. T wl 2 O O 2 mom woo@ um lwwe COMPUTlNG UNITS 2582 E260 ilmmlmmw 4 92M BY UQAM/MMI Jan. 5, 1937. w. w. LAsKl-:R

TABULATING MACHINE Filed June 16, 1931 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Jan. 5, 1937. w. w. LAsKER 2,066,406

TABULATING MACHINE Filed June 16, 1931 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 WITNESSES INVENTOR i r l www w LA; C/ [7cm ATTORNEY Jan. 5, 1937. w. w. LASKER TABULATING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed June 16, 1931 INVENTOR WILLIAM W. LASKER Jan. 5, 1937. w. w. I AsKER TABULATING MACHINE Filed June 16, 1931 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 O Q "Aal @9. y

INVENTOR.

WILLIAM W. L ASKER Patented Jan. 5, 1937 UNITED STATES 2,066,406 frlirnili'rnaoV MACHINE William W. Lasker, Brooklyn,` N. Y., assignmto Remington Rand Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application June 16, 1931, Serial No. 544,720 13 Claims. (Cl 235-58 The invention relates to tabulating machines controlled by perforated cards and particularly to novel improvements thereto, whereby the scope of the machine is broadened to include, with the other new and useful features, credit and debit balancing of nancial accounts.

Prior to the developmentof the present invention, thev use of tabulators using data perforated in cards was largely restricted to yoperations involving addition only. Hence,v bookkeeping, as practiced in banking institutions, could not be completed without the aid of some sort of auxiliary. The usual method in such a problem as banking was, after indicating therecords of the transactions on cards, to add the debit and credit items separately in a-tabulator. Then on an addning machine, or on paper with a pencil, subtract the smaller from the larger, thereby determining the balance. Similar diilcultes are existent in the problem of keeping inventory records onperforated cards'. It is at once apparent that a need exists for improvements.

In the present invention means are provided,

whereby the amounts of the transactions having an algebraically positive sign are accumulated in one computing unit, amounts having the opposite algebraic sign are accumulated in another,

positive. balances are computed in a third unit and negative balances in a fourth. In addition, means are provided to insure that printing of totals,

whether positive or negative, occurs only in the column desired; that at the end of a group of cards the balance will be printed in the proper column according to whether that balance is positive or negative; that grand totals of the positive and negative items will be computed and printed, and that the nal positive and/or negative balances will be. computed and printed. Further, means are provided to distinguish between the positive and negative items, both of which are punched in the same iield on the card and are identied by control perforations. Such, a mechanism is suited either as herein described, or, as modified, to that wide variety of problems which involve increases and decreases, such as bank bookkeeping, running inventories, insurance accounting, and others.

The invention has for one of its objects to provide improved means for taking group totals and grand totals'underthe control of the cards.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved devices for actuating the mechanism for printing positive and negative totals, and debit and credit balances.

` Another object is to provide improved means for computing and printing llists of debit and credit items with group totals of each together with the balance, that is to say the diierence between the debit total and the credit total. Y

Another object is to provide means whereby 5 debit balanceswill be printed automatically in one column and credit balances in another column on the paper. l

'I'he improvements to tabulating machines which are the object of this invention embody in 10 combination mechanism controlled by cards and by change of designation mechanism for initiating total taking and total printing; mechanism for accumulating totals and grand total of both positive and negative items; mechanism for de' 15 termining the diierences between said positive and said negative totals; and mechanism for controlling the printing of 'said totals, grand totals and differences.

Other objects and structural details of the 20 invention will be apparent from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical section as viewed from the right and taken along an irregu- 25 lar line illustrating only the general organization of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 on a larger scalejshowing the head of the machine, the front accumulator mechanism being omitted. 30.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken just inside its right-hand frame showing one of the adding and subtracting units and the connection to a printing. sector and showing a front totalizer such as is used in a unit in which grand totals are taken. 35

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing elements in unit 6 in positionfor taking a negative total. e

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the same in position for taking a positive total. Y

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the 40 elements after actuation and the means by which printing is controlled. p

Fig. 7 is a view of a setting identical to that of Fig. 4 except that the elements are those of unit '7. 45

Fig. 8 is a view of the elements of unit 7 set as described above for Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 shows the elements of Fig. 7 at the time the printing mechanism is released for operation.

Fig. 10 shows a fragment of a printed record such as produced by the machine.

Fig. l1 is a schematic iront view illustrating the system by which the various computing and printing units of the tabulator are controlled. 55

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of the rear totalizer operating mechanism.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view illustrating the several types of cards used in the machine.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary view showing means for retracting the zero stop.

Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic isometric view of mechanism for operating the controller.

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary diagrammatic isomeric View of zero block out.

Fig. 17 is an isometric view of the mechanism for controlling the operation of the front totalizer with the elements in position for engagement of wheels and actuators.

Fig. 18 is an exploded isometric view of the automatic total control mechanism.

Throughout this specification the terms set 'forth below will be considered to possess the meanings there indicated.

Field is that portion of a card which lies between two lines, either real or imaginary, drawn parallel to the short edges of the card.

Zone is that portion of a card which lies betweer two lines, either real or imaginary, drawn parallel to the long edges of the card.

Algebraic totalizer is a totalizer which accomplishes the arithmetical operations of additions and subtraction. Throughout this specification the term shall be considered interchangeable with adding and subtracting unit and also subtracting unit.

The invention is shown applied to one form of the well known Powers tabulator. The base of the machine and the connecting box or translator are shown in the drawings constructed substantially as shown in Patent No. 2,044,119, issued June 16, 1936, to William W. Lasker. The head of the machine illustrated is constructed substantially as shown in the application for patent of William W. Lasker and Charles Ruiz, iled May 8, 1931, Serial #535,842, and as fully described in the French patent to Accounting and Tabulating Machine Corporation, No. 719,524, granted Nov. 23, 1931, and Belgian patent to Accounting and Tabulating Machine Corporation, No 380,674 granted June 18, 1931. Except as hereinafter described the machine may be constructed as described in the two applications specified.

Machines embodying the mechanism described in above cited references are being regularly manufactured and are in public use in the United States and other countries.

The frame of the machine is'usually built in three main parts, the frame of the head being indicated in Figs. 1 and 2 at I, that of the ,connecting section at 2, and that of the base section at 3`, 'said base section being mounted on a. suitable leg structure.

The mechanism of the base comprises a main drive shaft 4 (Fig. 1), a magazine 5 from which cards 6 are fed by picker mechanism 1 to feed rolls 8 into a sensing chamber |0 where they are arrested by a card stop A| and from which they are fed between feed rolls I2 into a receptacle |3. 'I'he sensing mechanism includes a pin box I4 relciprocated by pitmans I5 and eccentrics I6, the latter mounted on the drive shaft 4. This box contains feeling pins |1 (see also Fig. 18) which, in case they nd a perforation in the card, become locked to a locking plate |8vso that they can press upward on set pins 20, which pins are mounted in a stationary pin box 2|, and may be latched in their upper positions by latch plates 22.

A cam 40|, mounted on shaft 4 operates to turn arm 402 counter-clockwiseand thereby push member 403 upwardly to rock arm 404, shaft |248 and bail |250. This operation will cause latches 22 to release all locked pins 20 as is necessary when the number sensed in any column of the next card is zero. Card stop is positioned by the action of cam 406 mounted on shaft 4, rocking arm 401 clockwise, thus pulling link 408 downwardly to rock arm 409, shaft |231 and arm |238 clockwise. This motion pulls link |239 upwardly and rocks lever |240 to lower card stop The locking plates I8 are controlled in their sliding movements by a rod 23 which is reciprocated front and rear by levers 24 and springs 25, one of said levers having a follower roller 26 controlled by a stationary cam 21.

- The connection box, or multiple translator, 28 contains the interpreter wires 30 which are controlled from their lower ends by the pins 20. This box can be readily inserted in and removed from the machine so as to substitute diierent arrangements of translator wires.

The head of the machine contains a plurality of units, each including the usual type sectors 3| (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 15 and 17) and rack sectors 32 pivoted on a cross shaft 33, the type sectors cooperating with the usual platen 34, and the gear sectors with the usual accumulator pinions 35 except that in the specific arrangement illustrated the totalizers 35 are not required in two of the units and are, therefore, omitted. Cooperating with the types 36 are the usual hammers 31 controlled by the usual latch and hammer selecting mechanism 38 as shown in Patent No. 1,245,502, Fig. 17. 'Ihe mechanism also includes the usual main rock shaft 40 having for each unit a cam sector 4| controlling a lever 42 which in turn controls the pitman 43 connected to the cam arms 44 which move the pinions 35 into and out of mesh with the gear sectors. The mechanism also includes the usual total shaft 45 which when rocked clockwise in Fig. 1 sets the machine for taking a group total.

As shown in Fig. 2 in each unit the type sectors 3| are controlled by the usual bail rod 46 mounted on arms 41, one of which carries a. follower roller 48 running in a cam slot in an arm 50 pivoted at 5| and connected by a link 52 with the sector 4|; and each type sector is connected with its gear sector 32 by the usual spring 53 and pin and slot connection 54.

In each unit there is a stop basket containing a series of digit stops, or pins, 55 (Fig. 2) each normally held down by its own weight and by a spring 56, and slidably mounted in a frame 51.

Each of these stop pins is adapted to be pushed upward by one of the translator wires 30. Each* pin 55 has a stud or pin 58 projecting therefrom and adapted to act on the inclined edge of a tooth of a slide bar 60 which is guided on rods 6|, and which at its rear end engages an arm 62 of a multi-armed lever 63. There is a series of these levers, one for each denominational order, and all pivoted on a rod 64, and each controlled by a spring 65. Each lever has an arm 66 having a stud 61 playing in a vertical slot (for a purpose to be described hereinafter) in a zero stop 68 to which the arm 66 is connected by a spring 10. The construction is such that the zero stop is normally held in its upper position by the spring 65, but whenever any stop pin 55 is moved upward the bar 60 sliding rearward will rock the lever 63 and pull the zero stop down out of the path of the lug 1| on the sector 32.

In the particular embodiment of the invention chosen for illustration the machine is equipped with the seven computing units usually in the A Powers tabulator, this being indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 11 where the units are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 respectively. Unit 4 is used for accumulating and .printing debit items, totals and grand totals; unit 5 for accumulating and printing credit items, totals and grand totals; unit 6 is utilized for computing and printing debit balances, and unit 7 for computing and printing credit balances, all as indicated in Fig. 10. Units 6 and 7 are, therefore, equipped with the algebraio totalizers, hereinafter called adding and subtracting Lunits, disclosed in French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674 hereinbefore referred to and hereinafter described. Units 4 grand totals.

Algebraic units End brackets 12, Figs. 1 and 12, are secured to the frame and theycarry heavy cross frame bars 13 and 14 which support the subtraction mechanism as well as another accumulator mechanism to be hereinafter described. Each subtraction unit or adding and subtracting unit comprises a fra-me work including side plates 15, Figs. 2 and 3, each secured to the bars 13 and 14, said side plates connected to each other by suitable frame pieces one of which consists of a plate 16, Fig. 3, which is embraced by the upper and lower branches of a series of forked links 11 each pivoted at 18 to the sectorv3| which lies in front of it. Eachy of the forks'of the links 11 has a pair of rollers running on the frame plate 16 which plate, therefore, guides the rear end of the link. The upper branchof the link 11 is connected by a pin and slot connection 8| to a subtraction rack 82 which is guided in a comb bar 83. This rack is also connected with the link 11 by a spring 84 for the purposes of transfer.

'Ihe lower branch of each link 11 has pin and slot connection 85 with an adding rack 86 which is' guided in a frame comb bar 81 and is connected with the link 11 by a spring 84. The rack 82 faces downward and the rack 86 upward, and between them the accumulator pinions 88 are journaled on a shaft 90, which shaft and the pinions 88y are movable upand down to, three positions, namely, a neutral position shown in Fig. 3, a lower or adding position in engagement with racks 86, and an upper or subtracting position in engagement with the racks 82. The comb bars 83 and 81 provide additional cross ties between the side plates 15.`

The transfer mechanism (Figs. 2 and 3) comprises an upper shaft 9| (see also Fig. 15) and a lower shaft 92 on which are pivoted pawls 93 each normally in position to engage a lug 94 on the rack 82 or 8,6. Each of these pawls has a latch pawl 95 pivoted thereto at 96 and at its free end engaging under the bar 83 o1' over the barl 81, and each such latch pawl including a tooth 91 which when the accumulator pinions are in mesh are in the path of transfer teeth 88 on the pinions 88. Springs |00 control both the latch pawls 95 and also the transfer pawls 93. The construction is such that whenever a register wheel passes the transfer point the latch 95 will be tripped and the spring |00 will draw the pawl 93 out of the path oi the lug 94 and permit to the rack 82 or 86 an additional step of movement.

'Ihe pawls 93 shown in the drawings are modied pawls for the purpose of algebraic computation. In Fig. 15 the pawl 93, shown in each instance, is the one cooperating with the rack of lowest order. It is connected by a. bail bar |0| with an armvat the opposite side of the unit, which arm carries the latch 95 controlled by the register wheel of highest order, the construction beingsuch that whenever the total changes from plus to minus the upper pawl 93 will be operated to cause the transfer mechanism to subtract one from the wheel of lowest order; and Whenever the total changes from minus to plus the lower latch 95 will be tripped by the wheel of highest order and will cause the lower pawl 93 to add one to the wheel of lowest order by means of the transfer mechanism.

The transfer and algebraic mechanism just above described is substantially like that which has been in use in the well known Sundstrand machine for a number of years, and it is described in the French patent of Sundstrand No. 625,678. For the purposes of the present invention said mechanism may be of any suitable con-- struction.

Polarity control of which the shaft projects so that said shaft I 90 can be moved up and down at its two ends by rocking the shaft |02 and its arms |03. The up` per part of the link |04 is guided partly by the shaft 90 and partly by a bracket |05 (Fig. 2) se.- cured to the side plate15, and having in it a slot Y |06 through which the shaft 90 projects, the upper and lower ends of the slot limiting the up- Ward and downward motion of the shaft. The parts are centered to hold the shaft 90 in its neutral position by means comprising a pair of lever arms |01 pivoted to the plate 15 at |08 and drawn each toward the other by springs l |0. The lever arms |01 embrace between them a stud on the link |04 and a fixed stud ||2 on the frame plate 15. springs |0 pinch the two lever arms together on the fixed stud ||2 and thus resiliently hold the stud in its middle position from which it can be moved in either direction against the tension of one of the springs ||0.

Addition and subtraction mechanism A rock shaft ||3 (Figs. 2 and 12) has loosely mounted thereon, for each subtracting unit, an arm ||4 having a stud |5 to which is connected a strong tension spring |I6 tending to pull the arm ||4 rearwardly. To the free end of this arm is pivoted a T-shaped link l1 having on its for- Ward end an upper hook ||8 and a lower hook |20. One of the arms |03 on the rock shaft |02 is made T shaped and it has an upper stud 2| adapted to be operated by the hook ||8 and a lower stud |22 adapted to be operated by the hook |20. With the parts standing in the position shown in Fig. 2 in which the hook |8 registers with the stud |'2|, if the spring IIE is free to act it will draw the link ||1 rearwardly, rock shaft |02 clockwise and pull the register pinions into engagement with the racks 86 and thus set the machine for addition. If on the other hand When the parts are free to move, the z link H1 be swung to its lower position in which the hook |20 registers with the stud |22, and if then the spring H6 be freed to act it will rock the shaft |02 counterclockwise and set the mech anism for subtraction.

The arms i I4 are controlled each by an arm |23 fast on the shaft |3 and contacting with the rear side of the stud H5, and it is the arm |23 which, in Fig. 2, is holding the arm ||4 forward against the tension of the spring H6 and thus maintain,- ing the register wheels in their neutral position. It will be perceived that when the shaft ||3 and arms 23 stand in the position shown in Fig. 2 the register wheels will be in neutral position and that they can be thrown into mesh with the racks by rocking shaft i3 counterclockwise, this resulting in setting the machine in position for addition or subtraction depending on the position of the link ||1 at the time. Mechanism for rocking shaft H3 -is described in the cited French Patent 719,524 and Belgian Patent 380,674, and is illustrated in Figs. l and 12 hereof. The mechanism comprises main shaft 4, bevel gears |26 and |21, shafts |24 and |25, cam 300, bell cranks 305 and 305, arm 3|3, link 3|6, pin 3|1 and spring 3|8, the construction and operation of which is as follows:-Mounted on main shaft 4 is one of a pair of bevel meshed gears |21, the other being mounted on the lower end of shaft |25. Fixed to the upper end of shaft |25 is one of a pair of meshed bevel gears |26, its companion being fixed on shaft |24. The ratios of these bevel gears is l to l. Hence, a rotation cf main shaft 4 causes the rotation of shaft Total control The cam mechanism referred to is shown in Fig. 12. Outside the right-hand frame member r bracket 12, the shaft |24 has mounted thereon a cam disc 300 the periphery of which comprises a low concentric dwell portion 30|, and a high concentric dwell portion 302, these dwells being connected by two inclines 303 and 304. This cam controls two follower bell cranks, one of which is a mirror reverse of the other, namely, a lower bell crank 305 and an upper bell crank 306 carrying respectively follower rollers 301 and 303, the horizontal arms of the bell cranks being connected by a tension spring 3|0. The vertical arms of the two bell cranks approach each other at their ends, each comprising a concentric shoulder 3|| and a projecting tooth or lug, 3| 2. Fast on the outer end of the shaft ||3 is a bell crankv formed with a downwardly extending arm 3|3 and an inclined forwardly extending arm`3|4.

To the arm 3|3 is pivoted a link 3|6 which near its forward end has a stud 3|1 which lies between the shoulders 3H and in the path of one of the teeth 3|2. A spring 3|B tends to swing the link 3|6 upward against the shoulder 3|| of the upper bell crank 306 but the link is normally held in its lower position by an arm 320 fast on the end of the group total rock shaft |62 which arm, at its rear end, overlies a stud 32| projecting from the link 3|5. The construction is such that in ordinary operations the link 3|0 is operated by the lower hell crank 305, but when the shaft |62 is rocked to set the machine for taking a group total the arm 320 permits the spring 3|8 to swing link 3|6 upward to a position where it will be controlled by the upper bell crank 306. The construction of the cam 300 is such that in an ordinary listing operation in the first part of the cycle the follower roller 301 will be depressed, the link 3|6 and arm 3|3 will be drawn forward and the shaft ||3 will be rocked clockwise. When this occurs the arms |23 will force the arms 4 and links ||1 forward and permit the centering device shown in Fig. 2 to draw the register wheels to neutral position. The roller 301 runs off of the high part 302 of the cam at about the end of the first half of the cycle allowing the springs ||6 to cause the links ||1 to pull the accumulator wheels into engagement with the lower racks in case the machine is set for addition and with the upper racks in case the machine is set for subtraction.

In a total taking operation the stud 3|1 stands in front of the tooth 3|2 of the upper bell crank 306. The follower 308 of this bell crank rides l on the low part 30| of the cam during the first half of the cycle with the result ,that the accumulator wheels continue in mesh during that half of the cycle. At the end of the first half of the cycle the incline 303 of the cam raises the roller 308 and pulls forward the link 3|6 withdrawing thewheels from mesh.

As described in the French Patent 719,524 and Belgian Patent 380,674 above referred to, the rock shaft 40 may advantageously be rocked by a crank on shaft |24, said crank operating a pitman connected with an arm projecting upward from the shaft 40 (Figs. 1 and 3).

Transfer restoring As described in said French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674, and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 hereof, the transfer mechanism is, at the proper time, restored to its normal position by means of a transfer resetting mechanism consisting of an upper bail rod |28 and a lower bail rod |30. The upper bail rod is mounted between two arms |3|, one of which forms a bell crank with arm |32. Arms |34 and |35 form a second bell crank, the armv |35 of which Supports one end of the lower bail rod |30. The arms |32 and |34 are connected by a pin and slot device |33 and hence rock the two hails in unison, the upper rod |20 moving downward and the lower rod upward into contact with ears |36 of the latchesl 95. thus restoring both the ,upper and the lower transfer mechanism to normal.

Improved means are shown in the present instance for operating this restoring transfer mechanism. The lever |34, (Fig. 3) has a forwardly directed arm |31 which is drawn downward by a spring |38. The power of this spring restores .the transfer mechanism of a. particular unit to its initial4 position instead of the restoring mechanism being operated positively as it was in the cited reference. A rock shaft is mounted in the brackets 12 and at each unit where such an operation is required this rock shaft has fixed thereto an arm |4| having a stud |42 projecting therefrom just beneath the arm |31. This rock shaft also has an operating arm |43 carrying a follower roller |44 which is pressed by the spring or springs |38 against a cam disc |45, fast on the shaft |24. This disc is concentric for the greater part of its periphery so as to hold up the arms |43, |4| and |31 and thus retain the bars |20 and |30 in their inactive positions, shown in Fig. 3. At the proper place in its periphery this cam has a flattened face |46 which permits the roller |44 to move downward momentarily and allows the springs |38 to restore the transfer mechanism. This arrangement is better than a positive operation of the restoring mechanism for in the former structure breakage might'occur A"if the parts became disarranged.'v f

Group totaling In order to take both group and grand totals, units 4 and 5 are each provided with a rear totalizer, as shown in Fig. 1, in addition to the ordinary forward totalizers 35. Since subtraction is not required in these two units, the adding and ysubtracting mechanism is modified as follows: The units have substantially the same framing as algebraic totalizers, including. the plate, 16 and the links 11 which are connected up and guided in the same way as in the subtraction units. The upper or subtracting racks 82 and the cooperating transfer mechanism are omitted but the lower racks 86 are retained. The register pinions 88 are never moved upward from neutral position but are, on occasion, moved downward into engagement with the racks 85 in precisely the same way as in the subtraction units. The transfer resetting bar |30 is provided and mounted on the arms |35, one of which has the forwardly projecting arm |31 controlled by a spring |38 and by a stud4 |42 and arm |4| the same as in the case of the subtraction units. The attachment of link 11 to sector 32 at 18 causes rack 86 and sector 32 to work as an entity, the rack 86 moving forward with the sector 32 and returning when the sector 32 returns. Thus, items are accumulated on `the wheels 88 and when the group totals are printed they are transferred to the forward accumulators 35 which, therefore, preserve a grand total of the debits and credits. Y

Grand totals The Powers machines have heretofore, on oc` casion, had any desired unit equipped with a rear accumulator 88 in about the position of the said accumulator described in the preceding paragraph. In those machines each item was added on the forward accumulator` 35 and on the rear accumulator which latter was utilized for grand totals, When group totals were taken the grand total accumulator was disabled so that it was not cleared, and means were provided whereby the forward accumulator could be disabled and the grand total printed fromthe rearI acv cumulator. In the present embodiment the rear accumulators 88 of units 4 and 5 are assigned to group totaling and the corresponding forward accumulators 35 are assigned to grand total. This form of construction is more convenient since it avoids complications inthe assembly of the machine. The advantage is readilyA seen when it is understood that the rear accumulators are positioned by the action of shaft |24 (Fig. 1) and the forward accumulators by the action of shaft 40. l y l vThe total taking mechanism of the present machine is essentially a combination of that of the mechanisms for that purpose described in the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674, and in the Patent No. 2,044,119 hereinbefore referred to, with certain modifications which will be described briefly hereinafter.y

Initiation of total taking The machine described in the Lasker Patent No, 2,044,119 is provided iwith means for initiating and controlling the taking of totals either by a suitably perforated total card, or automatically on a change of designation, as desired. That machineincludes, among other things, a

total taking operation by the means to nism for a spacing cycle.

bail bar |41, Figs. 1 and 1s, supported by arms |48 depending from a transverse rock shaft |48I.

I In the pin box 2| above the latch slides 22 there are mounted other slides |50, each of which is made with a series of upright slots |5| and into each of those slots a stud projects from one of the pins 20. Theforward edge of each of the slots |5| is made with an inwardly projecting nose or` tooth with inclined sides so that when one of the pins 20 is moved either up or down it `iwill cause the slide to be moved toward the front of the machine. In each of the rst 44 columns f there is provided a hand controlled interponent |49. 'Ihese interponents normally occupy an elevated position, but any one of them can bemoved downward to a position between the bail bar |41 and the forward end of the slide |50 (Fig. 18) so that whenever that slide is moved by the setting of a new pin 20 in that particular column a momentary forward swinging motion will be given to the bail |41 which motion initiates the scribed under the next heading.

In the 45th row only the 12th pin 2u is provided with a studl that controls the slide |50 and the forward end of that particular slide is prolonged so that it, itself, is adapted to operate the bail |41 without the intervention of any interponent |49. A hole in the 12th position of the 45th column of a card will, therefore, initiate a total taking operation. 'Ihere are, therefore, two methods of taking totals both of which may be retained in the present machine.

TotalI taking mechanism The total taking mechanism includes a total shaft 15s (Figs. 1 and 1s) mounted on the frame work to the left of the translator box 28. 'I'his shaft is normally quiescent in the position ,shown in Fig. 1. It bears a nine toothed ratchet wheel 290 by which it can be rotated, one tooth very early items. When the paWl is tripped and the shaft is given its rst step of motion it sets themecha- At the beginning of the next'cycle the pawl isvagain operated and the cams on the shaft |53 then set the mechanism for the total taking cycle. At the beginning of the third-cycle the pawl again turns the shaft and sets it for a normal tabulating operation, whereupon the latch |482 is again interposed above lthe nose of the pawl supporting lever |483 and thus holds the drive pawl out of cooperative relation with rod 902 until latch |482 is again tripped by the bail bar |41.

A cam |53| (Fig. 18) on vshaft |53 cooperates with a roller on lever |532 to raise and lower link |533 and thereby rock the latch |534 into and out of engagement'with notch in the top edge of link |535. 4"llf then 1ink-|535 is restrained by latch |534, the picker arm |280 on shaft 4 is rendered ineffective with respect to the picker actu'- ating mechanism, whichn is comprised of arms |28| and |282,shaft |283, and arm |284 (see also Fig. 1) and the card picker 1'is disabled during be despacing and totaling cycles, so that no fresh cards are ied into the sensing mechanism.

A cam 235 acts to retain the card stop 11 in card arresting position, so that the first card of the new group is retained until the third or tabulating cycle. rlhis is necessary when totals are instigated by change of designation. The associated mechanism comprises arm 231, roller 236, shaft i231, arm i238, iink i239, lever 12411 and support bar 5124i. Roiler 236 is retained in cooperative relation with cam 235 by a spring (not shown). Rotation of cam 235, when shaft 153 upon which it is mounted is actuated, would cause roller 235 to be positioned on a high dwell ci the cam, thereby rocking shaft 1231, and arm 1235 clockwise, thus elevating link 1239 and rocking lever i243 clockwise. `"Jihereupon support bar 524i is depressed and card stop 11 is positioned to blocl the passing of a card.

Cam 235 serves also to actuate the mechanism, which during totaling, retracts the slides 22 so that when totals are instigated by a change of designation, the data, which is perforated in the record card then in the sensing chamber is not carried to the digit stops, for to do so would confuse the printed record. rlhis mechanism comprises a roller 1245, spring 1246, arm 1241, shaft arms i249 and bail 1250.

When cam 235 is actuated, roller 1245, which is retained in cooperative relation with the cam spring i245, rides up on a high dwell and thereby rocks arm 1241, shaft 1248 and arms i243 counterclool-zwise. Bail i250, which is supported between the arms 1243, is thereby forced st the extending ends of slides 22, and the e :e moved against the pressure of their .estive springs to pin-releasing position. Hence, pins 25 are free to descend and thus fail to record the reading of the card then in the r'ensing chamber, as is necessary when totals are ted by a change of designation.

e third one of th. cams on the shaft 153 is shown in Figs. 1 anc" 18 at 154` rlhis is a disc controlling a follower roller 155 mounted on a ier-,fer i155 which operates a link 151. In the Iatent No. 2,644,119`this link goes directly to an arm on the total shaft 45 so as to set the mechanisrn for taking a totalin the usual way. In 'the present embodiment this link has been modined as nfiil be hereinafter described. The roller 555 normally rests on a low part of the cam 52 as shown. When the shaft is given its rst turning movement for a spacing cycle this roller will stili be on a low part of the cam. The second actuation ci the cam, however, brings a high part ci the cam under the roller and rocks lever 156 ane the machine for a total taking cycle. At the 1seginning oi the next cycle, the shaft again turns and the 'follower 155 runs down on to a i t of the cam restoring the total. taking n tc normal position.

machine of the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian 380,674 the total shaft v45 has on its l t-hand end an upstanding arm 158 which cted by a link i611 with an arm 161 depending rom fast on a transverse rock shaft at the rear of the machine, and this mechanism is retained in the present case but the mec? nistfi operated by the shaft 562 has been 2o though it performs substantially the same function as before, namely, that of releasing the zero stops 33 to allow the sectors to. swing forward for total taking purposes.

Each of the levers 63, which levers control the aero stops SS, made with an upright arm 163 (Figs. 2 and 14). Just back of each unit there is loosely mounted on the shaft |62 a bail consisting of two arms 164 and a bail bar 165, the latter lying just behind the arms 163 in such a position that when the bail is rocked counterclockwise it will rock all of the levers 83 of that unit and pull down all of the Zero stops 68. One of the arms 164 of each bail is prolonged rearwardly and provided with a stud 166 which stands just above an arm 161 projecting from and fast on the shaft 162. rI'he construction is such that when this shaft is rocked by the motion conimunicated to it from the shaft 45 .all of the zero stops 68 will be pulled down unless prevented by zero blcckout devices to be hereinafter described.

In the ordinary units of the machine, which in the present set-up are units l, 2, and 3, the shaft 45 modifies the action of the devices 42, 43 etc. so as to take a total from the accumulators 35 in the usual way. The timing of the regular Powers totalizers is given in detail in the cited Powers Patent 1,245,502. That timing is utilized herein without change for all computing units which do not have associated algebraic units.

The totalizer wheels 35 are mounted on a shaft which is raised or lowered by a camming hook arm .(or rocker cam) 44 (Figs. 1, 3, and 17).-

Pivotally attached 'to this hook is a pitman 43 having two notches 43D and 431, the first on its upper edge and the second on its lower edge.

When an adding operation is performed, the notch 430 engages upper pin 420 of the rocker arm 42 which is rigid with a shaft 422 on which is loosely mounted a downwardly extending spring-centralized roller-carrying'arm 423, (see Fig. i7) having a limited free movement determined by a pin plate rigid with said shaft 422. Fan cam 41 oscillates with every operation of the machine. In the initial part of the first half cycle, the forward notch thereof rocks the arm 423 thereby oscillating the shaft 422 and rocker arm 42; thus shifting the pitman 43 rearwardly to cam the Wheels 35 out of mesh with actuating racks 32. The shaft 422 will be rocked in the opposite sense during the initial part of the return movement of sector 41, to engage the wheels 35 by shifting pitman 43 in the corresponding opposite direction with the actuators 32 in positions which they'have assumed under control of the record card.

W'hen a total taking operation is performed, the described engagements between pitman 43 and rocker arm 44 are inverted, but since the wheels 35 are normally in mesh with actuators 32 they should remain in mesh during the first half cycle of operation. This is effected by withdrawing notch 430 from engagement with pin 420. Notch 431 is so located that it does not lie immediately above the pin 421 of the rocker arm 42 when said rocker arm is in normal position, but is in a position to engage said pin when the rocker arm has been shifted during the movement of sector 41. This requires a flexible connection in the train of mechanism for pulling pitman 43 down In the normal operation of the Powers machine, the mechanism is set `Eor taking totals by drawing the link 186 (Fig. 3) downwardly thus rocking arm 181 which is fast to shaft 45 to'which is also fast an arm 432 (Fig. 17) Near the rearward end of said arm is a link 433 having a pin and slot connection 434 with the pitman 43. The aforesaid flexible connection is the spring 435 extending between the rearward end of arm 432 and the pitman 43. Therefore.

when shaft 422 has been oscillated after shaft has been rocked, the spring 435 is tensioned until the shaft 422 is rocked suiciently to bring pin 42| beneath the notch 43|; then spring 435 effects a positive engagement of the pitman 43.with the lower pin 42|. When the sector 4| starts its return movement at the initial part of the second half-cycle of operation, shaft 422 is oscillated 'to shift the pitman 43 rearwardly and thus disengage the wheels` 35 which have been turned to their zero positions during the forward stroke of the actuators 32 during the first half-cycle of the machine operation.

It' is thus seen that during adding operations, I

the wheels 35 are disengaged during the first half-cycle of operation or forward excursion of the actuators and engaged during the second half-cycle or return movement of the actuators and during total taking the order of engagement of the wheels with the actuators is exactly the inverse of that for adding operations.

In the case of units 4 and 5 the action of this shaft is modified in such a manner by the means fully described in the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674 that in those units, therefore, the -forward accumulators 35 are inactive during listing operations but are controlled for an adding operation when totals are taken from the rear totalizer so that said totals are added into or transferred to the forward accumulators 35, which thus serve as grand totalizers for these units.

, and pitman is clearly shown in Fig. 3).

It is readily seen from the above that the timing of front totalizers 4 and 5, since they have algebraic ktotalizers associated therewith, is different from'that of the other front totalizers. The timing mechanism is therefore modified to accomplish this. f Y The'mbdied mechanism includes a latch 285 (see Figs. 3 and 17) loosely .mounted on shaft |10 and adapted to hold arm 432 in a mid position so that neither pin 420 nor pin 42| will operate the pitman 43 (this position of the arm Arm 432 is fast to a sleeve 286, which is loosely mounted on shaftv45, instead of being fixed to the shaft as in the usual Powers construction described briefly hereinbefore. Also fixed to the sleeve 286 is a gusset plate 281 having pivoted thereto a link 288 having a -pin and slot connection 293 and 294 with the arm 295 fast on shaft |10. Mounted loosely on shaft 45 and adjacent to gusset plate 281 is a bell crank 325, which carries a pin 326 adapted to cooperate with the sector 4|. The vertical arm of bell crank 325 is adapted to cooperate with a latch 321 mounted on'gusset plate 281. Latch 321 is normally held in engagement with the vertical arm of the said bell crank by spring 328, but may be disengaged by the action of arm 329, which is fastto-a collar on shaft 45 and which is adapted to operate latch 321 by cooperating with a pin 330 on the latter.

With the above described mechanism in mind, let it be assumed that the machine is to go through an accumulating cycle. The mechanism is'initially positioned as shown in Figure 3 and,

since the pitman 43 is in its mid position, the oscillation of sector 4| is ineffective to move it. As a result, arm 44 remains in the position shown and the totalizer wheels 35 do not engage the racks 32.

When a group or sub total is to be taken, shaft 45I is rocked and arm 329 fast thereto releases latch 321, While a pin 33| on arm 332 likewise fast to shaft 45 strikes finger 333 on latch 285,

thus raising 285 and releasing pin 334. Arm 432 is then rotated counterclockwise under tension of spring 335 and pitman 43 is elevated by link 433, so that it will be'engaged by rocker arm pin 42|) on the return movement of the sector 4|. It is to be noted that, although sector 4|, at or -near its extreme forward position, strikes pin 326 and rotates bell crank 325 clockwise, this is Without effect, since latch 321 has been released as described above. Due to the engagement of pin A420 with pitman 43 on the return stroke of the sector 4| ,the wheels 35 will be engaged with their actuators 32 during the return movement of the latter, and the amounts accumulated on the algebraic units will be transferred to the front totalizer. The positions of the parts after this operation will be those shown in Fig. 17. It will be noted that these positions are identical with those of a simple Powers totalizer after lan adding operation, as described hereinabove,

Group total taklng is in some instances followed by additional accumulating operations and in other` instances by grand total taking operations.

When an accumulating cycle follows a sub total taking operation, neither shaft 45 nor shaft |10 is rocked. Then upon the forward movement of sector '4| (the parts, being initially in the position of Fig. 17) the totalizer wheels 35 become disengaged from the actuators 32. Shortly thereafter the sector reaches its forward position and strikes pin 326, which then causes rotation of bell crank 325. Latch 321 being engaged at this time, the bell crank carries the latch with it and causes rotation of gusset plate 281 and sleeve 286.- These rotations, however, are limited in extent and serve merely to position pin 334 in front of the notch in latch 285 where it is locked due to tension of spring 336. Then upon return of sector 4| shaft 422 isrocked but ineffectively, since the pitman 43 now lies in its mid position. At the completion of an accumulating cycle the parts again are in the position of Fig. 3.

When a sub total taking cycle is to be followed by a grand total taking cycle, the operation is initiated by rocking shaft '|10 (Fig. 17) against the tension of its spring 331'. When shaft |10 is rocked, the arm 295 moves the link 288 to rock the gusset plate 281 clockwise, thus lowering the arm 432 and consequently lowering the pitman 43 and disengagin'g it from upper rocker-pin. 429.

, and positioning it so that it will engage with the and rotates bell crank 325 at about the middle of the grand total'taking cycle, this is ineffective since sleeve 286 has alreadv beenrotated clockwise to its limit of vmotion by movement of arm 295 and link 288. As soon as arm |13 is released, spring 331 restores shaft |18 to normal position .end permits spring 335 to move arm 432 upwards. Since latch 285 is loose on shaft |10, it will have dropped to its`lower position and will block pin 334, thus holding the parts inthe position of Fig. 3.

.If another accumulating cycle be now initiated. it will be identical to that previously described.

The above described mechanism is set yinto cperation by a rear rock shaft |68 (Figs. 2, 12 and 17) and a forward rock shaft |10 which arev connected to rock together but in opposite directions by a link |1| connected at its rear end to an arm |12 depending from shaft |68 and at its forward end Ato an arm |13 upstanding from shaft 110. In units 4 and 5 the shaft 110 acts in the same manner and by the same means as in the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,- 674, that is to say, it controls the mechanism 42, 43 etc. in such a way as to cause the forward accumulators 35 to take a total and to be cleared.

The shafts 168 and 110 are rocked by the means shown in Fig. l. Near its left-hand end the shaft 168 has a depending arm 114 which is connected by a link 115 with an arm 118 on a shaft 111, which shaftis journaled in a bracket projecting inward from the frame 2. This shaft has a rearwardly and upwardly inclined arm 118 carrying a stud i80.

Mounted in the same bracket is a second rock shaft 181 having an arm 182 which carries a stud 183. The two studs 180 and 183 are in the same front to rear vertical plane and they are operated alternatively by the link 151 which at its upper end is made T-shaped to provide two shoulders, namely, a shoulder 184 adapted to operate the stud 183 and a shoulder 185 adapted, if the link 151 is swung forwardly from the position shown in Fig. l, to operate the stud 180. 'Ihe arm 182 is connected by a link 186 with an arm 181 projecting from the rock shaft 45. rihe link 151 normally stands, as shown in Fig. l, in position to operate stud 183 and rock shaft 45 and, therefore, to cause the taking of an ordinary or group total. Means are provided whereby on occasion this link 151 is swung forward until it is free of the stud 183 `and engages the stud 180. If in that position the link be operated it will actuate arm 118 and through the train of coni nettime described the rock shafts 16a and 11n The link 51 is controlled as to its forward and.

back positions and, therefore, as to its taking an ordinary or a grand total, by means which will now be described. At the point in a stack of cards where it is desired to take a grand total a grand total card 188, Fig. 13, having a special control hole 90, is inserted in the stack, this hole being in the 12th position of the first column of the card. In the translator 28 this hole controls a wire 191, Fig. l, which when elevated is adapted to rock a lever 192, pivoted at 193 on the frame of the translator. This is a lever of the first order and its forward end stands above a slide 194 mounted on the front face of the translator box, and the lower end of this slide stands above an arm 195 projecting rearwardly from a rock shaft 196 and which shaft has a depending arm 191 connected by a link 198 with the link 151. Said link is held by a suitable spring in its rear position shown in Fig. l, but when the card 188 is in the sensing chamber the wire 191 will be pushed upward and the link will be swung to its forward position. This same card 188 contains a total taking hole 200 which sets into action the operation of the shaft 153 and initiates first a spacing cycle and then a total taking cycle, the latter being characterized by a high point of cam 152 causing the link .151 to be pulled downward and as this link now occupies its forward position it will set the grand total mechanism into operation instead of the group total mechanism.

One of the functions of the shaft 168 (Fig. 2) is to depress the zero stops 68 of the units in which alone grand totals are taken, in this instance, units 4 and 5. To this end back of each of said units said shaft has rigidly mounted thereon an arm E which overlies the bail 165 (Fig. 2). When Athe shaft is rocked counterclockwise in Fig. 2, this arm 201 rocks the bail including the bar 165 and depresses the stops 68. It is for this reason that these bails are made loose on the shaft 162 so that selected ones of them may be operated in this manner independently of the rest. The effect in the present instance is that in a grand total taking operation the total is taken only in units 4 and 5, the zero stops 68 remaining active in all of the other units and preventing any computing or total taking operation therein.

Another function of shaft 168 is to disable the -rear accumulator mechanism, in this instance in units 4 and 5,. so that the accumulator wheels in these units are out of mesh with their racks during the entire grand total taking cycle so that these wheels never control the racks, nor is the grand total added into them. The mechanism for this purpose is identical with that shown in the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674. When taking a grand total, the group total shaft 162 is not rocked but the grand total shaft 168 is rocked. The link 316, therefore, continues under the control of the lower bell crank 305 (Figs. l2 and i7), so that this link will be drawn forward and the wheels 88 drawn out of mesh in the rst part of the cycle. In order to lock the mechanism in that position throughout the entire cycle a hook 202 is provided adapted to engage a finger 203 of the arm 313 and hold said arm in its forward position with the wheels 98 out of mesh. This hook is in the form of a bell crank pivoted at 204, its upstanding arm having a stud 205 engaging in a slot in the end of a link 206, the stud being normally held in the forward end of a slot by a spring 201. This link is pivoted at its forward end to an arm'208 projecting upward from the grand total rock shaft 168. The construction is such that the link 206 normally holds the hook 202 in its depressed position where it is inactive, but when the shaft 168 is rocked the link 206 is drawn toward the front of the machine stretching the spring 201. As soon as the arm 313 is rocked forward the hook 202 snaps into engagement with it and holds the register wheels out of engagement until the shaft 168 is restored to its normal position, releasing the hook 202.

The means for setting the subtract units or adding and subtracting unit for subtracting an item is similar to that described in the French instance the subtract hole 209 (Fig. 13) is loa cated in the lith position of column 40 on the card and a perforation in that position controls a wire 210 in the translator 28 (Fig. 2) which wire has a branch leading to each of units 6 and 7. This wire when elevated raises a subtraction block 295 which presses upward on a pin 211 to elevate an arm 212 on a rock shaft 213 which rock shaft carries a rearwardly directed arm 214 which at its rear end has a stud 215 projecting into a slot in the lower end of a link 216, which link is pivoted tothe hook link 111. The stud 215 is controlled by a spring 211 which holds said stud in the upper end of the slot. The arm 214 is drawn upward by a spring 218 which normally holds the link 1 11 in its upper or adding position. Whenever the wire 210 is pushed upward due to the presence of a subtract hole in' the card the link 214 is swung downward tending to swing the link 1 11 to its lower or subtracting position. The spring 211 is provided because there is an instant when the link I I 1 is so strongly held in frictional engagement with the pin I2I that it would be hard for the mechanism to pull it loose. 'I'he link swings downward as soon as the arm II4 is rocked forward, relieving the friction. Y v

In the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674 means are described whereby when a group total is taken the accumulator wheels 88 will automatically be put into mesh with the lower racks 86 in case the total is positive and into engagement with the upper racks 82 in case the total is negative. In the present machine the means for this purpose have been improved. It will be recalled that when the total changes sign I is transferred from the wheel of highest to that of the lowest .order by means of one or the other of a pair of bails, the left hand arms of which carry latches controlled by the wheel of highest order and the right hand arms of which include the pawls 93 which control the transfer operation of the racks 82 and 86 of lowest order. These right hand arms have extensions 220, the upper one projecting forward and downward, and the lower one, forward and upward, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 15. Each of these arms carries a stud 22| which projects toward the right beyond the plane of the frame plate 15. Pivoted on the outside of said 'frame plate at 222, Fig. 2, is a controller 223 consisting of a lever the rear arm of which is made with two radial shoulders 224 lying respectively in the path of motion of the studs 22|. When the wheels indicate a positive total and whenV an amount larger than said total is subtracted therefrom the Upper device 93 is rocked counterclockwise and the stud 2 2I, striking the upper shoulder 224, rocks the device 223 clockwise to the position shown in Fig. 2, thus indicating that the machine shows a negative total. If now a number be added which is larger than said negative total the lower device 93 will be rocked clockwise and its studs 22| will rock the device 223 counterclockwise until its upper vshoulder 224 is approximately in contact with the upper stud 22|. 'I'his device 223, therefore,fis capable of occupying two positions, namely, a position (shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 7) which indicates that the machine shows a negative total and another position (shown in Figs. 5, -6, and 8) which indicates that the machine shows a positive total. 'I'his device is yieldingly retained in either of these two positions by a detent 225 pivoted to the frame plate 15 and having a V shaped nose adaptedto engage one or the other of two V shaped notches 228 in the edge of the part 223, said latch being controlled by a spring 221.

Since the spring 2I8 normally holds the mechanism 'set for addition, totals will be taken from the lower or adding racks 86 unless the automatic mechanism intervenes to reverse the position of the link I I1. 'I'he means for controlling this link from the device 223 comprises a link 228 (Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and'8) pivoted at its lower end to theH arm 2I4, and at its upper end having a slot 280 through which projects a headed stud 23| riveted into a depending arm of the controller 223. The slot 230 permits the link 228 to be depressed to rock the arm 2I4 downward vto set the .mechanism for subtraction. The stud 23| being below'the pivot 222 of said controller will occupy a forward position when the controller is in its negative position shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 7 and a rear position when said controller is in its positive position shown in Figs. 5, Gand s; and the link 22s w111 swing accordingly. This link carries near its upper end, a stud 232 which, in the negative lposition of the parts, lies under the rear end of an arm 233 fast on a rock shaft 234 which rock shaft extends across the machine being pivoted in sheet metal brackets projecting rearward from -v the frame bar 13. Means are provided to rock the shaft 234 clockwise ata suitable time when taking a group total. It will be perceived that under these conditions the link-228 will be depressed by such rocking of the shaft 234 in case the wheels indicate anegative total, but when the wheels indicate a positive total the stud 232 will occupy its rear position out of the path of the arm 233, and the link 228 will not be depressed and the total will, therefore, be taken from the wheels 88 by the positive racks 86 rather than by the negative racks 82.

'I'he total taking mechanism automatically causes the machine to have an idle or spacing i cycle preceding the total taking cycle and it is desirable that the computing mechanism be set,

to the correct sign during the spacing cycle.

4This is accomplished by placing, on the total shaft |53, a cam 235 (Figs. 1A and 18) which controls a follower roller 236 on a bell crank 231, pivoted `to the frame work of the base, said lever controlled by a spring 238. The bellcrank 231 is connected by a link 240 to an angled lever 24I pivoted on the stationary frame work, and said lever is connected by a link 242^to an arm 243 projecting from-the rock shaft 234. The cam 235 is a concentric disc having in it three depressions, the roller 236 normally lying in one of said depressions, the shaft 234 consequently occupies its normal position. When the drive pawl 29| gives the shaft I53 its first -step of motion to set the machine for a spacing cycle, the roller 236 runs on to a high part of the cam rocking the shaft 234, and in case of a negative total depressing the link 228 and setting the mechanism for subtraction. On the second actuation of the total shaft I53 the roller 236 remains on a high part of the cam and continues the setting of this total taking cycle.

The mechanism just described is not only more positive in its action than that described in the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674 but it is also adapted for use in connection with the base described in the Patent No. 2,044,119 in which group totals may be taken automatically on a change of designation. In the Lasker and Ruiz. case (French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,674) the means for automatically causing the total to be taken from the correct rack are controlled by perforations in H the space and total cards.

Positive andl negative balancing mechanism The automatic mechanism just above described is also used to controlthe printing of a special' when the totalizer indicates a negative total and a lower position shown in Fig. 8,l when the totalizer shows a positive total. When this hook` Ais in its upper, or negative position, it stands in the path of a stud 245 projecting from the side of a link 246 which, at its forward end, is pivoted to the printing sector 3l standing at the right-hand side of the amount sector of lowest order and whose types 36 are used for printing.

designating characters. The rear part of the link 246 has an elongated slot which is guided on a shoulder and head screw 247 fastened to the frame plate l5. This sector is automatically released at total taking operations in much the same manner as was described for a similar device in the French Patent 719,524, and Belgian Patent 380,574, and in the case of taking a negative total the stud 230 and the special type sector 3l will be arrested at the position to print a minus sign or other suitable designation.

The machine, as thus far described, can be set up many ways to do different classes of work. Asubtracting unit (algebraic totalizer) or a special adding unit (see Fig. l) may be attached to any desired one of the seven tabu- -'}lating units of the machine according to the I: 4'particular need of a specific accounting problem. The Wires in the translator 28 can be modified in their arrangement in many ways, special con trol wires being provided in various places and for various purposes.

The machine is shown in the drawings equipped for tabulating; among other things, a succession of transactions including debit and credit items in a form which is adapted to a certain widely used system of accounting. According to this system of accounting it is desired to produce by the machine a record sheet such as that frag;

mentarily illustrated in Fig. 10. Any desired matter may be recorded by units 1, 2 and 3 and any one of these three iields may be utilized as a designation eld. The cards will have been sorted in such a way that those ci like designation are all together. It may be desired to take group totals either on a change of designation, or by the insertion of space and total cards in the card stack. 1n this particular set up the debit and credit items are punched in the same eid at or toward the right-hand end of ther card. Et desired that all debit items be accumulated and printed in unit 4, and all credit items in unit 5, and that on a change of designation the totals of the debit and credit items be printed. At the same time that these group totals are printed, it is desired also that the balance be printed. 'l'.f the balance happens to be a debit balance, it is to be printed in column 6, and if it happens to be a credit balance, it is to be printed in column 7. At the end of the run, it is desiredthat the grand total of all debit items be printed in column 4 and the grand total of all credit items be printed in column 5.

In order to bring about these results the machine is equipped with subtraction units like those shown in Hgs. 2 and 3 in units 6 and 7 K and with the special rear accumulator mechanism shown in Fig. 1 in each of columns 4 and 5. .The cards used in this set up are illustrated in Fig. 13 including debit cards, credit cards, total cards and grand total cards. The debit and credit items in this particular set up are punched in the right-hand eld of the card (the left-hand end as viewed in Fig. 13) and any other desired data can "ne punched in the other fields of the card. The control holes may, of course, be punched in various positions as found convenient. In the particular instance illustrated the debit cards have a hole 250 punched in the eleventh position in the iorty-rst column, the credit cards in hole lied in the eleventh position in the fortieth column. The total cards are punched as usual ior this machine, namely, with a hole "iil in the twelfth position of the forty-fifth column. The grand total cards contain the same total hole and also a grand total hole |80 in the twelfth position of the first column. The debit wire 254, Fig. il, in the translator box is adapted to be controlled by the debit perforation 250 and the credit wire 2I0 by the credit perforation 208. The grand total wire ISI, Fig. l, is, of course, controlled by the hole |90. A hole 200 in the twelfth position of the forty-fifth column, as,1

to the control block of unit 4 and one to each of the units 6 and 7 where they set these latter units for subtraction.

The third branch of credit wire 2H! which goes into unit 4 controls a zero blockout device 255 of ordinary construction indicated diagrammatically in Fig. l1, and more in detail in Figs. 14 and 16. Mounted beneath each of the zero stops 58 is a sliding piece 256 the length of which is insufiicient to ll the space between the upper end of the zero wire 30 and the lower end of the zero stop 68 except when said wire 30 is in its upper position or the stop 68 is depressed. The block or bar 255 lies transversely of each computing unit so equipped beneath these slides 256. When the wire 2 I0 is raised under the control of a credit card it raises the bar 255 and thus prevents downward motion of the slides 256 and hence prevents downward motion of all of zero stops 68 of that unit, the pins 61 in that case moving idly in the vertical slots in stops 68 and stretching springs T0. The construction is such, therefore, that when a credit card is being tabulated the fourth or debit unit is blocked outA ofl operation entirely, this item being neither printed nor accumulated in that unit.

Each debit card designated by a hole 250 controls another wire 255 which operates a similar blockout device 251, Fig. 11, which prevents operation oi' the credit unit 5 when a debit item is being accumulated.

The whole construction is such that debit items are added in the 4th, 6th and 7th units and are not recorded in the 5th unit, and that credit items are added in the 5th unit and not in the 4th unit, and such items are subtracted in the 6th and 7th units. It will be perceived that the 6th and 7th units are always operated alike so that at the end of a group o! cards both these units show the same balance.

The machine could be arranged so as to omit one of the balance units 6 and 7 and so that the balance would always be printed in, say, unit 6 and credit balances would be designated by a minus sign. as explained in Belgian Patent 380,674. Such a machine would take care of the form of bookkeeping under consideration but the customers requirement is that debit balances be printed in column 6, and credit balances in column 7. It is for this reason that in the present case two balance units are provided.

In order to cause debit balances to be printed in column 6 and credit balances in column 7, two hammer locks are provided as indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 11, namely, a hammer lock 258 for unit 6 and a hammer lock 260 for unit 7, these hammer locks being normally active so that items are not printed in these two units. Automatic means are provided so that when takjacent the arm 233 on the rock shaft 234 there ing a group total if Vthe balance happens to be a debit balance the hammer lock 256 will be disabled to allow the balance to be printed in column 6 but the hammer lock 266 will remain active and prevent the balance being printed in column 7; and yvice versa, if the balance is a credit balance, the hammer lock 266 will be disabled vallowing the balance to be printed in column 7 and not in column 6. Both balance accumulators will, however, be cleared ready for the computation of the next group of items.

l Hammer control The hammer locks employed are of the sort lcommonly used in the Powers machine and hown in locking position in Fig. 2 and in disabled or unlocking position in Figs. 6 and 9. Each hammer 31 has on its forward end a hooklike projection 26| by which the hammer is normally held down by the mechanism `33. The hammer lock comprises a bail bar 262 extendlng across the width of a single unit and having at each end arms 263 pivoted on a frame rod 264. One of the arms 263 is extended backward and is controlled by a link 265 by which the bail can be swung to the upper or locking position shown in Fig. 2, and to a lower or unlocking position shown in Figs. 6 and 9. When the bail is in its upper position the bar 262 stands in the paths of the hooks 26| and prevents the hammers striking the types, whereas when the bar is in its lower position it is out of the paths of said hooks and allows the hammers, to print.

In the present set-up these hammer locks are controlled from the devices 223, one in unit 6, and the other in unit 7.

The means for controlling the hammer lock 256 for unit 6 is shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. Ad-

is looselypivoted on said shaft a lever 266 to which is pivoted the rear end of a link 261 which at its forward end isvpivoted to the upright arm of a bell crank 266 pivoted on a rod 216 and whose horizontal arm is pivoted to the link 265- which controls the hammer lock. A pin 21| projecting from the arm 233 supports one end of a spring 212 whose other end is connected to a pin projecting from the device or lever 266, and a shoulder of said device contacting with the pin 21| limits the motion of said devicerelative to the arm`233. At its upper part the device 266 has a rearwardly projecting arm 213 which cooperf ates with a pin 214 projecting from the control piece 223. The construction is such that when in the taking of a group total' the shaft 234 is rocked, the device 266 tends to move with it and if it does'move with it this device acting through link 261, bell crank 266 and link 265, will move the hammer lock toits inactive position and permit the printing ofthe balance in column 6 as shown in Fig. 6. In this figure the controller 223 stands in Cthe position that it occupies when the accumulator shows a positive balance, and in that position the pin 214 stands below the path of the arm 213. ,When, however, as shown in Fig. 4 the device/.223 stands in the position to indicate a negativeY balance, the pin 214 stands in the path of the arm 213 preventing rocking of the lever 266. If now a group total be taken and the shaft 234 be rocked, the device 266 will be arrested by the pin 214 and the ar'm 233 will merely stretch 'the spring 212 without releasing the hammer lock, so that a credit balance will not be printed in column 6. V

:mam

The devices controlling the hammer lock 266,

in units 7, are shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9. In

this instance, there is also pivoted on the shaft 234 a device 215 controlled by a pin 21| and spring 212, the same as the device 266, and this 5 device 215 has'pivoted thereto a link 216 connected by a bell crank 211 with a link 265 con- V trolling the hammer lockbail bar 266 in the same manner as above described in column 6. In this instance the controller 223 carries a pin 26| 10 which cooperates with a stop arm 262 on the device 215. In Figs. 7 and 9 the controller 223 is in the position indicating a credit balance and the pin 26|, therefore, stands above the end of the arm 262 so that when shaft 234 is rocked 15 in the taking of a group total the device 215 will rock with it and release the hammer lock as 4shown in Fig. 9. When, however, the controller 223 stands in the position indicating a debit balance, as shown in Fig. 8, the pin 28| 20 stands in the path of the arm 262 and prevents the release of the hammer lock. The whole construction is such that in unit 7 credit balances will be printed and debit balances will not be printed. As said above the hammer lock does 25 not prevent the clearing of the accumulator so that atieach' group total the accumulators are cleared in both units 6 and 7, but if the balance is a debit balance it will be printed only in unit 6, and if it is a credit balance it will be printed 30 only in unit 7.

Grand total mechanism The computing units 6 and 7 may, of course, be equipped with forward accumulators 35; but 35 as these ,are not needed in the particular set-up described they have been omitted.

The means for preserving and printing grand 1 totals in units 4 and.5 are identical with those described in French Patent 719,524, November r 23, 1931 and Belgian Patent 380,674, June 18, 1931, except as hereinbefore described. Much of the mechanism employed for this purpose has been omitted in the drawings, it being old and well known.

It is believed that the operation of the machine will be understood from the foregoing description and the following summary of the operation. 'I'he cards 6 having been previously punched according to the system described and having been 6G sorted in groups according to the designations in some suitable eld of the card, are placed in the magazine 5 with a total card followed by a .grand total card inserted or added wherever a grand total is required. The cards will be fed 55 through the machine, the debit items whose cards are designated by the hole 256 being accumulated and printed in unit 4, blocked out of unit 5 and added but not printed in units 6 and 7; while credit items whose cards are designated o0 by holes 266 will be added in unit 5, blocked out in unit 4 and subtracted but notvprinted in units 6 and 7.

Interponents |46 having been suitably set, on each change of designation, the automatic total- 65 vtaking mechanism including said Interponents cycle. After this the third step of the shaft |53 

